Additive manufacturing (AM) is growing rapidly as a field of research, as well as an emerging technology with the potential to revolutionize manufacturing. Firms in the United States are a dominant player in the field, selling over 70% of the professional grade
machines to date. This is a fitting time to look at the evolution of the field with a critical eye toward determining the roles of various institutions—public funders, private entrepreneurs and inventors, universities, and others—in its development. Continue reading The Role of the National Science Foundation in the Origin and Evolution of Additive Manufacturing in the United States
Category Archives: Research Type
Biological Diversity in the Patent System
Biological diversity in the patent system is an enduring focus of controversy but empirical analysis of the presence of biodiversity in the patent system has been limited. To address this problem we text mined 11 million patent documents for 6 million Latin species names from the Global Names Index (GNI) established by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and Encyclopedia of Life (EOL). Continue reading Biological Diversity in the Patent System
Synthetic Biology: Mapping the Scientific Landscape
This article uses data from Thomson Reuters Web of Science to map and analyse the scientific landscape for synthetic biology. The article draws on recent advances in data visualisation and analytics with the aim of informing upcoming international policy debates on the governance of synthetic biology by the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA) of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. Continue reading Synthetic Biology: Mapping the Scientific Landscape
Mapping the emerging field of genome editing
Targeted genetic modification (TagMo) technologies are being used for new approaches to genetic engineering often called ‘genome editing’. These approaches are in the early stages of development, and basic understandings of what TagMo is, of its likely future, and how it should be governed are still being established. Continue reading Mapping the emerging field of genome editing
Tracing the footprint of knowledge spillover: Evidence from U.S.-China Collaboration in Nanotechnology
The impacts of international collaboration on research performance have been extensively explored in the last two decades. Most research, however, focuses on quantity and citation-based indicators. Utilizing the turnover of keywords, this study develops an integrative approach tracking and visualizing the shift of the research stream and tests it within the context of U.S.-China collaboration in nanotechnology. Continue reading Tracing the footprint of knowledge spillover: Evidence from U.S.-China Collaboration in Nanotechnology
Portrait of China’s R&D Activities in Nano-Science and Nanotechnology in Bibliometric Study
China has made great improvement in some critical scientific subject, like nanoscience and nanotechnology. This study explores the state-of-the-art developments of China in nanoscience and nanotechnology, as the previous study showed that China has become the second leading nation in terms of its share of “nano-prefixed” publications all over the world. Patent applications are also included in this study, as there are considerable efforts underway that aim to commercialise nanotechnology, and it is also an important aspect of R&D output. In particular, this study compares the rising pattern of nano-publication and nano-patents, to showcase the gap which lies between the knowledge base and technology base. Furthermore, this study investigates the research focus for both publications and patents in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The findings suggest that the strong presence of publications in MATERIALS SCIENCE, PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY and APPLIED PHYSICS are also in line with China’s overall research focus; while there are also many inventions focused on novel formulations of pharmaceutical products which have recently applied in Chinese Traditional Medicine. Finally, the cross-analysis of top organizations and Derwent Classification indicates that the collaboration links between organizations are relatively weak, though their technologies are highly concentrated in some similar areas. Collaborative research is a double edged-sword which may either mutually enhance the research base, or damage to the competitive advantage in commercialization.
Author(s): Yi Zhao, Nan Ma
Organization(s): Beijing Jiaotong University
Source: Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 535 – 537)
Year: 2012
Effects of international collaboration and knowledge moderation on China’s nanotechnology research impacts
Recent studies report that China is becoming a leading nation in the quantity of scientific output, including in the emerging field of nanotechnology. In nanotechnology, bibliometric measures based on citations also indicate improvements in the research impacts of Chinese scientific papers. Continue reading Effects of international collaboration and knowledge moderation on China’s nanotechnology research impacts
Polyculture in the semi-arid regions of Brazil
The previsions say that the semiarid regions in the world are between the most impacted by the global climate change. In Brazil, among the environmental (lost of biodiversity, extreme droughts), social (migrations, diseases exposition) and economics (reduction on income generation, in employment rates, and in the Gross Domestic Product) of global warming, it is affirmed strong pressures specially over the agriculture and livestock, the mainly subsistence resource in Brazilian semiarid region, because of the increase of the rain irregularity and increase of evaporation. However, it is possible to believe that the many projects that are being developed by the social movement of convivial with the semiarid could play an important act in the climate change mitigation and adaptation, and also in the region development. In this paper, one of this initiatives is presented, the Policultura no Semiárido (multiple cultivation in semiarid), developed by Instituto de Permacultura da Bahia that used simple technologies, evolving the local and the experts knowledge, contribute to Human Development in 65 rural communities in four municipalities in semiarid region at Bahia state, bringing new ways to adapt to the climate reality, with less green house emission, and with the improvement of life conditions.
Author(s): Andréa Cardoso Ventura and José Célio Silveira Andrade
Organization(s): Federal University of Bahia (UFBA),
Source: Field ACTions Science Reports
Year: 2011
A technology opportunities analysis model: applied to dye-sensitised solar cells for China
Technology opportunities analysis (TOA) can support policy-makers or managers in making strategic technical decisions so as to enhance their technological innovation capability and international competitiveness. This paper presents a multi-level framework to support and systematically identify technological opportunities. Continue reading A technology opportunities analysis model: applied to dye-sensitised solar cells for China
An Informetric Profile of Water Resources Management Literatures
The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the global performance and to assess the current trends in research of water resource management. The methods of informetric analysis were used to survey water resource management related articles in the Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) during the past decades. Continue reading An Informetric Profile of Water Resources Management Literatures