Category Archives: Data Type

Evolution of the Patent Information World – Challenges of yesterday, today and tomorrow

Data Type, Patents, Research Examples

Highlights

  • Patent information developments 1996–2014 reviewed.
  • Implications of extended and improved search capabilities explored.
  • Language issues, data volume and changing user needs are significant issues.
  • Parallel development of basic raw data searches and of power searches and analysis predicted.

Over the last 18 years, the field of patent information searches has dramatically evolved.
Centralized information centers have started to disappear while new internet applications targeted at end-users have emerged. At the same time, the quantity of information has increased exponentially.  Patent information specialists must now master several high level techniques to run precise searches, but also to analyze the large amounts of information retrieved, using modern software packages. The goal of this paper is to review the major advances over the last 18 years, how we have arrived at the current situation and what will be the future challenges for the industry.

Author(s): Frederic Baudour and  Aalt van de Kuilen
Organization(s): ALLNEX, Abbott Healthcare Products, and Confederation of European Patent information User Groups (CEPIUG)
Source: World Patent Information
Year: 2014

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0172219014001380

Text Mining for Adverse Drug Events: the Promise, Challenges, and State of the Art

novel source, Research Examples, Research Type, Tech mining

Text mining is the computational process of extracting meaningful information from large amounts of unstructured text. It is emerging as a tool to leverage underutilized data sources that can improve pharmacovigilance, including the objective of adverse drug event (ADE) detection and assessment. This article provides an overview of recent advances in pharmacovigilance driven by the application of text mining, and discusses several data sources—such as biomedical literature, clinical narratives, product labeling, social media, and Web search logs—that are amenable to text mining for pharmacovigilance. Given the state of the art, it appears text mining can be applied to extract useful ADE-related information from multiple textual sources. Nonetheless, further research is required to address remaining technical challenges associated with the text mining methodologies, and to conclusively determine the relative contribution of each textual source to improving pharmacovigilance.

Author(s): Rave Harpaz, Alison Callahan, Suzanne Tamang, Yen Low, David Odgers, Sam Finlayson, Kenneth Jung, Paea LePendu and Nigam H. Shah
Organization: Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University
Source: Drug Safety
Year: 2014

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40264-014-0218-z

Patent Analysis of Shale Gas Technology in China and Implications for its Exploitation

Data Type, Patents, Research Examples, Research profiling, Research Type, Strategic planning

China has made significant progress in developing new energy sources such as solar energy and wind power in recent decades. However, commercial exploitation of shale gas in China is in the very early stages, in sharp contrast to that in the United States. Patents related to shale gas exploitation are analyzed by using data mining and patent maps. The findings show that shale gas exploitation involves complex technologies that technological accumulation is a long-term process. Despite decades of rapid growth, significant technology gaps still exist for Chinese enterprises and technological factors could be the bottleneck of China’s exploitation of its massive shale gas resources. Meanwhile, foreign enterprises have applied for a large number of patents in China. Chinese enterprises might have to obtain licenses from foreign patent holders, which could have important implications for shale gas exploitation in China.

Author(s): Mier Zhang, Wei Guo and Zhen Lei
Organization(s): Dalian University of Technology and Pennsylvania State University
Source: Energy Technology
Year: 2014

The global intellectual property landscape of induced pluripotent stem cell technologies

Data Type, Patents, Research Examples, Research profiling, ST&I indicators, ST&I policy

Will freedom to research and innovate be restricted as the induced pluripotent stem cell field advances toward the clinic, or are concerns premature within a rapidly changing ecosystem?

Intellectual property (IP) rights lie at the core of the commercialization process, serving as a powerful incentive to harness the potential of technologies for therapeutic applications. However, when filed inappropriately—with broad or premature claims, for example—or when mismanaged, patents can obstruct vital precompetitive collaborations, dampen investor interest and threaten clinical translation and patient access. Moreover, uncertainties, including those around the validity of claims or the priority of ownership rights, can depress progress.

Although the total number of stem cell patent filings has declined since 2008, patents for iPSC technologies continue to increase8. Analysis of the blistering pace of scientific progress in this area indicates that the growth is unlikely to abate. Widespread concern has been voiced that the emerging ecosystem is becoming burdened by prohibitive and cumulative licensing fees that could restrict scientists’ freedom to research and patients’ equitable access to resulting medical benefits. Although these concerns may be allayed through innovation and industry growth cycles, the upstream production and downstream differentiation of iPSCs into desired cell lineages for application requires numerous interrelated, complex technologies. This distinguishes cellular patents from the evolution of other highly patented industries such as small-molecule drugs and electronics. No single company currently controls the IP for all techniques, methods and reagents required for the production of iPSCs. A global race is underway to establish the most suitable and efficient methods for each of these component technologies.

Author(s): MacKenna Roberts, Ivan B Wall, Ian Bingham, Dominic Icely, Brock Reeve, Kim Bure, Anna French and David A Brindley
Organization(s): Oxford–University College London Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation, University of Oxford
Source: Nature Biotechnology
Year: 2014

http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v32/n8/full/nbt.2975.html

Digging for gold with a simple tool: Validating text mining in studying electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) communication

Data Type, novel source, Research Examples, Research Type, ST&I indicators, Strategic planning, Tech mining

Text-based electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) communication has increasingly become an important channel for consumers to exchange information about products and services. How to effectively utilize the enormous amount of text information poses a great challenge to marketing researchers and practitioners. This study takes an initial step to investigate the validities and usefulness of text mining, a promising approach in generating valuable information from eWOM communication. Bilateral data were collected from both eWOM senders and readers via two web-based surveys. Results provide initial evidence for the validity and utility of text mining and demonstrate that the linguistic indicators generated by text analysis are predictive of eWOM communicators’ attitudes toward a product or service. Text analysis indicators (e.g., Negations and Money) can explain additional variance in eWOM communicators’ attitudes above and beyond the star ratings and may become a promising supplement to the widely used star ratings as indicators of eWOM valence.

Author(s): Chuanyi Tang and Lin Guo
Organization(s): Old Dominion University and University of New Hampshire
Source: Marketing Letters
Year: 2013

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11002-013-9268-8

A patento-scientometric approach to venture capital investment prioritization

Data Type, Patents, Research Examples, Research Type, ST&I indicators

This paper proposes an approach to analyzing and prioritizing venture capital investments with the use of scientometric and patentometric indicators. The article highlights the importance of such investments in the development of technology-based companies and their positive impacts on the economic development of regions and countries. It also notes that the managers of venture capital funds struggle to objectify the evaluation of investment proposals. This paper analyzes the selection process of 10 companies, five of which received investments by the largest venture capital fund in Brazil and the other five of which were rejected by this same fund. We formulated scientometric and patentometric indicators related to each company and conducted a comparative analysis of each by considering the indicators grouped by the nonfinancial criteria (technology, market, and divestiture team) from analysis of the investment proposals. The proposed approach clarifies aspects of the criteria evaluated and contributes to the construction of a method for prioritizing venture capital investments.

Author(s): Gustavo da Silva Motta, Pauli Adriano de Almada Garcia, and Rogério Hermida Quintella
Organization(s): Universidade Federal da Bahia
Source: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology
Year: 2014

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23205/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false

Graphene: The Worldwide Patent Landscape in 2013

Patents, Research Examples, Research profiling, ST&I indicators,

In 2011 the Patent Informatics team at the Intellectual Property Office analysed patenting activity relating to graphene following a noticeable increase in the number of graphene-related patent applications filed in the UK. Since then the activity in this area has continued to grow in a seemingly exponential manner, as has the media hype surrounding it. Given the perceived imminent commercialisation and high profile nature of graphene and its apparent interest to scientists, technologists and policy-makers alike, an updated report has been produced looking at the worldwide graphene patent landscape in 2013 and how it has changed over the last couple of years. Continue reading Graphene: The Worldwide Patent Landscape in 2013 →

Creating patents on the new technology using analogy-based patent mining

Data Type, Future-oriented technology analysis, Patents, Research Examples, Research profiling

Patents on the new technology–a technology not yet commercialized and in an early stage of its life cycle–give firms many benefits. However, existing methods are inadequate because of dependencies on customers and physical prototypes. And there is lack of systems, focused on a problem identification process or an inter-technological comparison. In this research, to remedy existing limitations, analogy-based patent mining system is suggested. Continue reading Creating patents on the new technology using analogy-based patent mining →

Biological Diversity in the Patent System

Data Type, Gephi, Network analysis, novel source, Patents, Research Examples, Research Type, Science mapping, ST&I policy, Tableau, VantagePoint,

Biological diversity in the patent system is an enduring focus of controversy but empirical analysis of the presence of biodiversity in the patent system has been limited. To address this problem we text mined 11 million patent documents for 6 million Latin species names from the Global Names Index (GNI) established by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and Encyclopedia of Life (EOL). Continue reading Biological Diversity in the Patent System →

Tracing the footprint of knowledge spillover: Evidence from U.S.-China Collaboration in Nanotechnology

Research evaluation, Research Examples, Research Type, S&T lit, , , ,

The impacts of international collaboration on research performance have been extensively explored in the last two decades. Most research, however, focuses on quantity and citation-based indicators. Utilizing the turnover of keywords, this study develops an integrative approach tracking and visualizing the shift of the research stream and tests it within the context of U.S.-China collaboration in nanotechnology. Continue reading Tracing the footprint of knowledge spillover: Evidence from U.S.-China Collaboration in Nanotechnology →