Category Archives: Research profiling

Patent Landscape Report on Animal Genetic Resources

Patents, Research profiling

This patent landscape report provides an overview of international patent activity for animal genetic resources for food and agriculture. The research focused on identifying patent activity for 17 animals from 15 species of global importance in food and agriculture. The research covered cattle, buffalo, pigs, sheep, goats, horses, donkeys, bactrian and dromedary camels, llamas and alpacas along with  chickens, ducks and turkeys. The research did not include fish.
The research involved:

  • Text mining over 14 million patent documents from the European Patent Office, the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the Patent Cooperation Treaty for animal names and breed names;
  • Mapping technology clusters involving animals;
  • Identifying patent documents involving animal genetic resources of
    relevance to food and agriculture;
  • Reviewing patent documents for references to breed names and traditional
    knowledge.

The main outcomes of the research are:

  • A quantitative indicator of trends in patent activity for animal genetic
    resources that can be updated and refined over time to respond to policy
    needs;
  • Analysis of the key features of the patent landscape for animal genetic
    resources of relevance to food and agriculture;
  • A detailed set of examples of important patent documents involving
    animal genetic resources to provide evidence to inform policy debates.

Author(s): Paul Oldham, Stephen Hall and Colin Barnes
Organization(s): World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
Source: Patent Landscape Reports Project
http://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_947_3.pdf
Year:  2014

Museums: Not Just Visiting Spaces but a Driving Force for the Use of Advanced S&T in the Restoration of Artworks

Network analysis, Research profiling

Our paper analyses how museums not only play a traditional role in the cultural service but also act as a driving force for the use of science and technology in the conservation of artworks. Through a bibliometric approach and the use of social network analysis (SNA), we explore co-authorship of scientific articles and we detect how museums look for knowledge bases in science and technology. We also differentiate between institutions and geographical regions in order to find patterns in the cooperation with other institutions. Results indicate that European countries are important nodes in the cooperation for restoration and conservation, and patterns of cooperation indicate that museums look for knowledge bases mainly in restoration institutes and other museums in their own countries. This implies that museums look for analytical and synthetic knowledge out of the museums when they need to apply advanced science and technology in restoration.

Author(s): Blanca de-Miguel-Molina, María de-Miguel-Molina and José Albors-Garrigós
Organization(s): Universitat Politècnica de València
Source: Journal of Administrative Sciences and Technology
Year: 2014

http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/JAST/2014/539873/539873.pdf

Clusterization and mapping of waste recycling science. Evolution of research from 2002 to 2012

Research profiling

Characterization of waste recycling (WR) research has to start by defining the scope of this scientific area. Previous works and expert assessment recommend the adoption of an inclusive definition, with the aim of including all relevant uses of waste within this study. An ad-hoc designed “capture” strategy has been used to retrieve WR-related peer-reviewed journal papers from selected databases, and the information contained in their author keyword field has been thoroughly cleaned. Author keyword co-occurrence data have been used for building a similarity measure between keywords, plus cluster analysis for revealing the main WR research being addressed by the scientific community. Results have been further analyzed using advanced visualization tools to determine which clusters formed strongly-linked research areas that could set the main cognitive divisions of WR science. This process has been repeated with 2002 and 2012 data, and science maps reflecting the main research areas and clusters have been generated. Results show that WR mainly deals with the recovery of basic, widely used raw materials like water and fertile soil. Energy generation and waste management are other relevant fields that show an interesting evolution, revealing signs of growth in research, together with the emergence of sub-areas reflecting consolidating research specialties.

Author(s): Gaizka Garechana, Rosa Rio-Belver, Ernesto Cilleruelo, and Jaso Larruscain Sarasola
Organization(s): University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
Source: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology
Year: 2014
Year: 2014

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/asi.23264/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false

Emerging medical informatics research trends detection based on MeSH terms

Research profiling

The aim of this study is to analyze the research trends of medical informatics over the last 12 years. A new method based on MeSH terms was proposed to identify emerging topics and trends of medical informatics research. Informetric methods and visualization technologies were applied to investigate research trends of medical informatics. The metric of perspective factor (PF) embedding MeSH terms was appropriately employed to assess the perspective quality for journals. The emerging MeSH terms have changed dramatically over the last 12 years, identifying two stages of medical informatics: the “medical imaging stage” and the “medical informatics stage”. The focus of medical informatics has shifted from acquisition and storage of healthcare data by integrating computational, informational, cognitive and organizational sciences to semantic analysis for problem solving and clinical decision-making. About 30 core journals were determined by Bradford’s Law in the last 3 years in this area. These journals, with high PF values, have relative high perspective quality and lead the trend of medical informatics.

Author(s): Peng-Hui Lyu, Qiang Yao, Jin Mao, and Shi-Jing Zhang
Organization(s): Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Source: Informatics for Health and Social Care
Year: 2014

http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/17538157.2014.892490

Natural products against cancer: A comprehensive bibliometric study of the research projects, publications, patents and drugs

Research profiling

Objectives: To analyze multi-source data including awards, publications, patents and drugs, and try to draw the whole landscape of the research and development community in the area of natural products (NPs) against cancer.

Materials and Methods: Awards, publications, patents and drugs data from National Institute of Health/Natural Science Foundation of China (NIH/NSFC), PubMed, Derwent Innovation Index and Cortellis were collected. Bibliometric methodologies and technology are used to investigate publications/patents/drugs, their contents and relationships.

Results: NIH and NSFC respectively demonstrated a stable and sustained expenditure growth in this area. The number of publications is continuously increasing. Yet the annual patent applications worldwide and FDA drug approvals were little changed or not obviously fluctuated in 2003-2013. USA and several Asia-pacific countries/territories are important contributing powers. We described the evolution of major research topics by those MeSH Major Topics indexed in PubMed with the largest growth range in three intervals, and analyzed hot research topics in the recent 10 years which include NPs or NPs derivatives, cell line/animal model, laboratory technologies and activation mechanisms.

Conclusions: China published the most publications and received the most patent applications, but drug discovery performance is no better than USA and Japan. Research on anti-neoplastic structures and compounds originated from Chinese traditional medicine (TCM), medicinal plants, herbal medicine and marine NPs are major research topics in the recent 10 years. There still exits translational gap between basic research and drug discovery. Translational research should be undertaken to strengthen the applicability of NPs.

Author(s): Jian Du and Xiaoli L Tang
Organization(s): Institute of Medical Information and Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics
Year: 2014

http://www.cancerjournal.net/article.asp?issn=0973-1482;year=2014;volume=10;issue=5;spage=27;epage=37;aulast=Du

International comparative study on nanofiltration membrane technology based on relevant publications and patents

Research profiling,

This study adopts a bibliometric approach to quantitatively assess current research trends in nanofiltration membrane technology (NFM), a new membrane separation technology widely used in various fields. It analyses scientific papers published between 1988–2011 in all journals contained in the Science Citation Index and patent data with the same time span from the Derwent patent database. The study examines developments in basic NFM research and technological innovations. Over the past 24 years, there has been a notable growth in publication outputs. Compared with other countries, China exhibited a rapid growth, particularly from 2000–2011, with its total number of papers ranking second only to the United States (US). Chinese NFM papers focus on energy and agriculture, while the US focuses on biochemistry and molecular biology. China holds the most global NFM patents, with rapid growth in patent numbers from 2005–2011. China, the US and Japan together hold 78 % of the total global NFM patents and have a strong technological advantage in water treatment and separation technology. Although there are four Chinese institutions in the top 10 patentee list, most are application patents that focus on the integrated application of existing nanofiltration membrane. In contrast the patents owned by foreign patentees are mostly research patents involving technology innovations of the nanofiltration membrane itself. Therefore, NFM research capacity in China should be further strengthened to maximize the advantages gained via research to date.

Author(s): Lihua Zhai, Yuntao Pan, Yu Guo, Zheng Ma and Fei Bi
Organization(s): Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, Zhejiang University
Source: Scientometrics
Year: 2014

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-014-1394-4

Patent Analysis of Shale Gas Technology in China and Implications for its Exploitation

Patents, Research profiling, Strategic planning

China has made significant progress in developing new energy sources such as solar energy and wind power in recent decades. However, commercial exploitation of shale gas in China is in the very early stages, in sharp contrast to that in the United States. Patents related to shale gas exploitation are analyzed by using data mining and patent maps. The findings show that shale gas exploitation involves complex technologies that technological accumulation is a long-term process. Despite decades of rapid growth, significant technology gaps still exist for Chinese enterprises and technological factors could be the bottleneck of China’s exploitation of its massive shale gas resources. Meanwhile, foreign enterprises have applied for a large number of patents in China. Chinese enterprises might have to obtain licenses from foreign patent holders, which could have important implications for shale gas exploitation in China.

Author(s): Mier Zhang, Wei Guo and Zhen Lei
Organization(s): Dalian University of Technology and Pennsylvania State University
Source: Energy Technology
Year: 2014

The global intellectual property landscape of induced pluripotent stem cell technologies

Patents, Research profiling, ST&I indicators, ST&I policy

Will freedom to research and innovate be restricted as the induced pluripotent stem cell field advances toward the clinic, or are concerns premature within a rapidly changing ecosystem?

Intellectual property (IP) rights lie at the core of the commercialization process, serving as a powerful incentive to harness the potential of technologies for therapeutic applications. However, when filed inappropriately—with broad or premature claims, for example—or when mismanaged, patents can obstruct vital precompetitive collaborations, dampen investor interest and threaten clinical translation and patient access. Moreover, uncertainties, including those around the validity of claims or the priority of ownership rights, can depress progress.

Although the total number of stem cell patent filings has declined since 2008, patents for iPSC technologies continue to increase8. Analysis of the blistering pace of scientific progress in this area indicates that the growth is unlikely to abate. Widespread concern has been voiced that the emerging ecosystem is becoming burdened by prohibitive and cumulative licensing fees that could restrict scientists’ freedom to research and patients’ equitable access to resulting medical benefits. Although these concerns may be allayed through innovation and industry growth cycles, the upstream production and downstream differentiation of iPSCs into desired cell lineages for application requires numerous interrelated, complex technologies. This distinguishes cellular patents from the evolution of other highly patented industries such as small-molecule drugs and electronics. No single company currently controls the IP for all techniques, methods and reagents required for the production of iPSCs. A global race is underway to establish the most suitable and efficient methods for each of these component technologies.

Author(s): MacKenna Roberts, Ivan B Wall, Ian Bingham, Dominic Icely, Brock Reeve, Kim Bure, Anna French and David A Brindley
Organization(s): Oxford–University College London Centre for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation, University of Oxford
Source: Nature Biotechnology
Year: 2014

http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v32/n8/full/nbt.2975.html

Current performance and future trends in health care sciences and services research

Research profiling

Health care sciences and services research (HCSSR) has come to the fore in recent years and related research literature increased rapidly over the last few decades. The main purpose of this study is to describe the global progress and to determine the current trends on HCSSR by using a scientometrics approach to survey related literature in the Web of Science database from 1900 to 2012. The document types, languages, publication patterns, subject categories, journals, geographic and institutional distributions, top cited articles, and the distribution of keywords were thoroughly examined. The results show that HCSSR has increased rapidly over the past 20 years, most notably in the last decade. In total, there are currently 128,728 research articles in 156 journals listed in 39 WoS subject categories. The top 20 most productive countries, and institutions were analyzed in detail, and 11 frequently cited papers and research foci were identified based on citation analysis. HCSSR spans many disciplines and focuses mainly on public, environmental & occupational health and education educational research. Medical Care, Academic Medicine, Health Affairs and Journal of School Health are the core journals with both high quantity and quality. High-income countries make up the leading nations, especially G7 countries. Meanwhile, “emerging economies” are also increasingly engaging this field. American and Canadian institutions have made greater advances in productions, citations, and cooperation, with stronger and better development prospects overall. The hot topics include internet use and decision making in health care, palliative care and end of life research, health status and quality of life, quality of healthcare and patient’s satisfaction, medical education, and health communication. Also, most researchers tend to study health care sciences based on the topics of quality-of-life assessment, and their interest in quality-of-life measures has increased. Increasing attention has been paid to the developing countries, especially “emerging economies” like China. Although health research has made much progress, many questions still remain unanswered and there are few assessments of how well research systems carry out their essential functions. Hence, there is currently an urgent need for timely establishment of an effective health research system.

Author(s): Qiang Yao, Peng-Hui Lyu, Lian-Ping Yang, Lan Yao, Zhi-Yong Liu
Organization(s): Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Wuhan University
Source: Scientometrics
Year: 2014

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-014-1383-7

Feature report on China: a bibliometric analysis of China-related articles

Research profiling

China’s rise in science has been widely acknowledged. Yet we know little empirically about academic research focusing on China. Utilizing a uniquely constructed large-scale dataset, this paper explores China-related publications through bibliometric analysis. Our data suggests that not only interest in China but also knowledge about China has developed rapidly over the years. Despite an increasingly diverse profile of participants, the substantial rise of research focusing on China is largely limited to affluent regions and some geographically proximate neighbors of China. The research discloses that overseas Chinese facilitate academic research focusing on China. The research foci of China-related studies have gradually shifted from social science to natural science and, in more recent years, to Chinese environmental issues, public health and economy.

Author(s): Weishu Liu, Li Tang, Mengdi Gu and Guangyuan Hu
Organization(s): Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Shanghai University of Finance and Economics
Source: Scientometrics
Year: 2014

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-014-1371-y